Introduction
→ The large LVM3-M4 rocket was released from Sriharikota.
→ It carried Chandrayaan 3, India's third mission to the moon by ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation).
→ After a countdown of 25.30 hours, the LVM3-M4 rocket, known as "Fat Boy" and the biggest and heaviest in its class, majestically blasted off from the second launch pad at 2.35 p.m., sending up thick plumes of smoke.
→ Scientists are anxious to experience success with a soft landing on the lunar surface, which would elevate India to the exclusive club of countries that have successfully completed the difficult mission.
→ If it happens, India might be the fourth us of ever to acquire this accomplishment.
→ Some other countries that have done the same thing are the United States, China, and the former Soviet Union.
→ The fourth operational mission (M4) of the LVM3 launcher, Chandrayaan-3, is the third lunar exploration mission prepared for launch.
→ The soft landing process is expected to happen in late August.
→ Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that July 14, 2023, will be a very important day for India's space industry before the launch.
💡Table of Content
The Specifics of Chandrayaan-3
→ The largest and heaviest LVM3 rocket (previously known as GSLV MkIII), affectionately referred to as "fat boy" by ISRO scientists for its heavy-lift capability, has successfully completed six missions in a row.
→ This mission, which aims to put the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft into a Geo Transfer Orbit, is the fourth operational flight of LVM3.
→ Chandrayaan-3 is another mission to explore space after Chandrayaan-2.
→ Unlike its predecessor, which also carried an orbiter as well as the rovers Vikram and Pragyan, Chandrayaan-3 is made up of three modules:
- Propulsion
- Lander
- Rover
→ Unlike Chandrayaan-2, where the landing was followed from a station in Madrid (NASA-JPL), this time the lander will be followed from a station in Bengaluru, Isro Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (Istrac).
→ In addition to being a vast improvement over the second Moon mission of the Indian Space Research Organisation, Chandrayaan-3 carries a payload that will "look at Earth from Moon to study its habitable planet-like features and use this information to explore exoplanets in the future."
(1). Propulsion
→ Chandrayaan-3 has three main parts: one part helps it move, another part helps it land on the surface, and the last part explores the surface.
→ Its goal is to create and test new technologies required for missions to other planets.
→ The propulsion module alone weighs 3,900 kg, which makes the whole spacecraft heavy.
→ The propulsion module will take the lander and rover from where they are on the Moon to a place in space called the lunar orbit.
→ This place is 100 kilometers above the Moon's surface.
→ It additionally consists of a payload known as the Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planetary Earth (SHAPE).
→ This payload studies Earth from the moon's orbit, focusing on its spectral and polarimetric measurements.
→ The main purpose of the Propulsion Module is to carry the Lander Module from the launch vehicle's injection orbit until it separates from it.
(2). Lander
→ Langmuir Probe (LP) to estimate plasma density and its variations.
→ Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) to measure thermal conductivity and temperature.
→ Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) to measure seismicity near the landing site.
→ The lander module, however, weighs 2,148 kg.
→ For lunar laser ranging studies, the space agency NASA has provided a passive Laser Retroreflector Array.
(3). Rover
→ Chandrayaan-3 is a space mission.
→ It wants to create and show new technologies needed for missions between planets.
→ It includes a Lander module, a Propulsion module, and a Rover.
→ The Lander and Propulsion modules are made in the country where the mission comes from (indigenous).
→ The Rover is also part of the mission.
→ The weight of Rover is 1,752 kg.
→ The Lander will land gently at a specific spot on the moon.
→ Then, it will release the Rover, which will move around and analyze the chemicals on the moon's surface.
→ Both the Lander and the Rover are equipped with scientific payloads for lunar surface research.
→ The primary role of the PM is to transport the LM from injection into the launch vehicle to the final 100 km circular polar orbit of the moon while separating the LM from the PM.
→ In addition to this, the Propulsion Module has a systematic payload as a way to function after the Lander Module separates.
→ The GSLV-Mk3 release vehicle, to area the included module in an Elliptic Parking Orbit (EPO) measuring one hundred seventy x 36500 km, has been precise for Chandrayaan-3.
Chandrayaan-3's Mission objectives
- Show how to safely and gently land on the moon
- Show how a rover works on the moon
- Do scientific tests on the Moon's surface
→ The ISRO claims that "the Lander will have the capability to soft land at a specified lunar site and deploy the Rover if you want to perform an in-situ chemical evaluation of the lunar floor all through the direction of its mobility.
→ The information gathered by Chandrayaan-3 will be essential in the overall scheme of future lunar exploration initiatives if the launch and moon landing is successful.
→ The lander is anticipated to touch down on August 23 or 24, about 40 days after launch.
→ The module will go around the moon after starting on Earth and flying to the moon.
→ Then, the lander will separate from the module and attempt to gently land on the moon's surface.
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